Cambridge IELTS 13 Academic Reading Test 1: answers explained

Explanation for each answer

Passage 1 · Q1–13 Case Study: Tourism New Zealand website

1. Question 1

   Table completion

   Question

   • easy for tourism-related businesses to get on the list • allowed businesses to ______ information regularly • provided a country-wide evaluation of businesses, including their impact on the …

   Answer

   update

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 2

   Sentence in the passage

   In addition, because participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis, the information provided remained accurate.

   Explanation

   The question asks what businesses were allowed to do regularly regarding information on the website. The passage, in the fifth sentence of the second paragraph, states: 'In addition, because participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis, the information provided remained accurate.' This indicates that businesses could 'update' their information regularly. The answer 'update' is one word, fitting the word limit.

2. Question 2

   Table completion

   Question

   • easy for tourism-related businesses to get on the list • allowed businesses to … information regularly • provided a country-wide evaluation of businesses, including their impact on the ______

   Answer

   environment

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 2

   Sentence in the passage

   As part of this, the effect of each business on the environment was considered.

   Explanation

   The question asks what was included in the evaluation of businesses regarding their impact. The last sentence of the second paragraph states: 'As part of this, the effect of each business on the environment was considered.' This shows that the evaluation included the impact on the 'environment'. The answer 'environment' is one word, fitting the word limit.

3. Question 3

   Table completion

   Question

   • e.g. an interview with a former sports ______, and an interactive tour of various locations used in …

   Answer

   captain

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 3

   Sentence in the passage

   One of the most popular was an interview with former New Zealand All Blacks rugby captain Tana Umaga.

   Explanation

   The question lists examples of special features, including an interview with a former sports person. The second sentence of the third paragraph mentions: 'One of the most popular was an interview with former New Zealand All Blacks rugby captain Tana Umaga.' Tana Umaga was a rugby captain, which is a type of sports leader. The answer 'captain' is one word, fitting the word limit.

4. Question 4

   Table completion

   Question

   • e.g. an interview with a former sports …, and an interactive tour of various locations used in ______

   Answer

   films

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 3

   Sentence in the passage

   Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand’s stunning scenery as a backdrop.

   Explanation

   The question lists examples of special features, including an interactive tour of locations used in something. The third sentence of the third paragraph states: 'Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand’s stunning scenery as a backdrop.' This shows the tour was of locations used in 'blockbuster films'. The answer 'films' is one word, fitting the word limit.

5. Question 5

   Table completion

   Question

   • varied depending on the ______

   Answer

   season

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 3

   Sentence in the passage

   To make it easier to plan motoring holidays, the site catalogued the most popular driving routes in the country, highlighting different routes according to the season and indicating distances and times.

   Explanation

   The question refers to information on driving routes and how they varied. The last sentence of the third paragraph explains: 'To make it easier to plan motoring holidays, the site catalogued the most popular driving routes in the country, highlighting different routes according to the season and indicating distances and times.' This indicates the routes varied 'according to the season'. The answer 'season' is one word, fitting the word limit.

6. Question 6

   Table completion

   Question

   • included a map showing selected places, details of public transport and local ______

   Answer

   accommodation

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 4

   Sentence in the passage

   There were also links to accommodation in the area.

   Explanation

   The question describes features of the Travel Planner, including a map, public transport, and something local. The third sentence of the fourth paragraph states: 'There were also links to accommodation in the area.' This shows that the Travel Planner included links to 'accommodation' in the local area. The answer 'accommodation' is one word, fitting the word limit.

7. Question 7

   Table completion

   Question

   • travelers could send a link to their ______

   Answer

   blog

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 4

   Sentence in the passage

   The website also had a ‘Your Words’ section where anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website.

   Explanation

   The question refers to the 'Your Words' section and what travelers could send. The last sentence of the fourth paragraph says: 'The website also had a ‘Your Words’ section where anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website.' This directly states that travelers could submit a 'blog'. The answer 'blog' is one word, fitting the word limit.

8. Question 8

   True / False / Not Given

   Question

   The website www.newzealand.com aimed to provide ready-made itineraries and packages for travel companies and individual tourists.

   Answer

   FALSE

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 6

   Sentence in the passage

   The website was set up to allow both individuals and travel organisations to create itineraries and travel packages to suit their own needs and interests.

   Explanation

   The statement claims the website provided 'ready-made' itineraries and packages. The passage, in the first sentence of the sixth paragraph, states: 'The website was set up to allow both individuals and travel organisations to create itineraries and travel packages to suit their own needs and interests.' This indicates the website allowed users to 'create' their own itineraries and packages, not that it provided them ready-made. This directly contradicts the statement, so the answer is FALSE.

9. Question 9

   True / False / Not Given

   Question

   It was found that most visitors started searching on the website by geographical location.

   Answer

   NOT GIVEN

   Location

   Passage 1, paragraph 6

   Sentence in the passage

   On the website, visitors can search for activities not solely by geographical location, but also by the particular nature of the activity.

   Explanation

   The statement claims that most visitors started searching by geographical location. The passage, in the second sentence of the sixth paragraph, mentions searching by geographical location: 'On the website, visitors can search for activities not solely by geographical location, but also by the particular nature of the activity.' While this sentence states that searching by geographical location is one option (but not the only one), it does not provide any information about whether 'most visitors' actually started their searches this way. Therefore, the information required to confirm or deny the statement is not given.

10. Question 10

    True / False / Not Given

    Question

    According to research, 26% of visitor satisfaction is related to their accommodation.

    Answer

    FALSE

    Location

    Passage 1, paragraph 6

    Sentence in the passage

    This is important as research shows that activities are the key driver of visitor satisfaction, contributing 74% to visitor satisfaction, while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%.

    Explanation

    The statement says that 26% of visitor satisfaction is related to accommodation *alone*. The passage, in the third sentence of the sixth paragraph, states: 'This is important as research shows that activities are the key driver of visitor satisfaction, contributing 74% to visitor satisfaction, while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%.' This sentence clearly attributes the remaining 26% of satisfaction to *both* transport and accommodation combined, not just accommodation. Therefore, the statement is false as it misrepresents what the 26% refers to.

11. Question 11

    True / False / Not Given

    Question

    Visitors to New Zealand like to become involved in the local culture.

    Answer

    TRUE

    Location

    Passage 1, paragraph 6

    Sentence in the passage

    It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life.

    Explanation

    The statement says visitors like to become involved in local culture. The passage, in the fifth sentence of the sixth paragraph, gives an example: 'It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life.' The following sentence adds: 'Many long-haul travelers enjoy such learning experiences...'. These sentences confirm that visitors, particularly long-haul travelers, enjoy cultural activities and learning experiences related to local culture, indicating they like to become involved. Thus, the statement is TRUE.

12. Question 12

    True / False / Not Given

    Question

    Visitors like staying in small hotels in New Zealand rather than in larger ones.

    Answer

    NOT GIVEN

    Location

    Passage 1, paragraph 6

    Sentence in the passage

    In addition, it appears that visitors to New Zealand don’t want to be ‘one of the crowd’ and find activities that involve only a few people more special and meaningful.

    Explanation

    The statement claims visitors prefer small hotels over larger ones. The passage mentions that New Zealand's visitor economy is mainly composed of 'small businesses' (paragraph 7, sentence 2). It also notes that visitors 'don’t want to be ‘one of the crowd’ and find activities that involve only a few people more special and meaningful' (paragraph 6, sentence 7). While the passage suggests a preference for more personal or less crowded experiences in activities, it does not specifically discuss visitor preferences regarding the size of their *accommodation* (hotels). Therefore, there is no information to confirm or deny whether visitors prefer small hotels over large ones.

13. Question 13

    True / False / Not Given

    Question

    Many visitors feel it is unlikely that they will return to New Zealand after their visit.

    Answer

    TRUE

    Location

    Passage 1, paragraph 7

    Sentence in the passage

    Because of the long-haul flight, most visitors stay for longer (average 20 days) and want to see as much of the country as possible on what is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit.

    Explanation

    The statement suggests many visitors feel their trip is a one-off. The passage, in the fourth sentence of the seventh paragraph, explains why visits are typically long: 'Because of the long-haul flight, most visitors stay for longer (average 20 days) and want to see as much of the country as possible on what is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit.' The phrase 'often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit' directly supports the idea that many visitors feel it is unlikely they will return, confirming the statement as TRUE.

Passage 2 · Q14–26 Why being bored is stimulating – and useful, too

1. Question 14

   Matching headings

   Question

   Paragraph A

   Answer

   iv

   Location

   Paragraph A

   Sentence in the passage

   But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult.

   Explanation

   Section A begins by describing the general feeling of boredom but quickly shifts to the difficulties in studying it scientifically. The second sentence states that 'defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult'. The third sentence notes it 'can include a lot of other mental states', and the fourth sentence highlights a lack of 'agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy... or whether feeling agitated and restless counts'. These points all directly relate to the challenges or 'problems' inherent in taking a 'scientific approach' to understanding boredom, making heading iv the most suitable.

2. Question 15

   Matching headings

   Question

   Paragraph B

   Answer

   vi

   Location

   Paragraph B

   Sentence in the passage

   By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic.

   Explanation

   Section B focuses entirely on the work of Thomas Goetz and his team, who have 'identified five distinct types' of boredom (first sentence). The section then explains how these types can be categorized based on arousal and emotion (second sentence) and describes some of these types (fourth and fifth sentences). This section is clearly about establishing a method or 'system of classification' for the different 'feelings of boredom', which directly aligns with heading vi.

3. Question 16

   Matching headings

   Question

   Paragraph C

   Answer

   i

   Location

   Paragraph C

   Sentence in the passage

   Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative.

   Explanation

   Section C reports Sandi Mann's experiments: people made bored by copying numbers from a phone book then thought up more creative uses for a polystyrene cup. Creativity is a good result of boredom, which is why the heading about productive outcomes fits. The warnings about harm appear in the next section.

4. Question 17

   Matching headings

   Question

   Paragraph D

   Answer

   v

   Location

   Paragraph D

   Sentence in the passage

   No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’

   Explanation

   Eastwood argues that boredom is unpleasant and that it can turn toxic if it lasts. Repeated failure to engage can leave a person unsure what to do and no longer caring. That points to a danger arising from boredom, heading v, rather than any benefit.

5. Question 18

   Matching headings

   Question

   Paragraph E

   Answer

   viii

   Location

   Paragraph E

   Sentence in the passage

   People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly.

   Explanation

   This section looks at who gets bored most easily. Pleasure-seekers suffer badly, curious people have a high threshold, and those who bore easily do worse in education and careers. Working out who is most affected is the point, so heading viii fits better than the one about a cure.

6. Question 19

   Matching headings

   Question

   Paragraph F

   Answer

   iii

   Location

   Paragraph F

   Sentence in the passage

   Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom.

   Explanation

   Section F presents Francoise Wemelsfelder's ideas. She proposes a 'new source of boredom': 'our over-connected lifestyles' (first sentence), explaining that 'overstimulation' coexists with 'problems finding meaning' (second sentence). This offers a 'new explanation'. She then suggests a 'new cure': instead of seeking more stimulation, we should 'leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way' (third sentence). This proposal is a 'new cure'. Therefore, heading iii accurately reflects both elements presented in this short section.

7. Question 20

   Matching features

   Question

   Peter Toohey

   Answer

   E

   Location

   Paragraph F

   Sentence in the passage

   Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom.

   Explanation

   The statement claims that modern lifestyles might cause boredom. The first sentence of the last paragraph (Section F) attributes this idea to Francoise Wemelsfelder: 'Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom.' This directly links the person Francoise Wemelsfelder to the idea that current ways of living ('over-connected lifestyles') encourage ('new source of') boredom.

8. Question 21

   Matching features

   Question

   Thomas Goetz

   Answer

   B

   Location

   Paragraph B

   Sentence in the passage

   Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion.

   Explanation

   The statement says one type of boredom is the worst. Section B describes Thomas Goetz's classification of five distinct types of boredom. The fourth sentence of Section B explicitly states: 'Of the five types, the most damaging is ‘reactant’ boredom...'. Since 'most damaging' means worse than the others, and this is presented as Goetz's finding, he is the person associated with this statement.

9. Question 22

   Matching features

   Question

   John Eastwood

   Answer

   D

   Location

   Paragraph F

   Sentence in the passage

   So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way.

   Explanation

   The statement suggests boredom levels might decrease in the future. Section F presents Francoise Wemelsfelder's idea that if we change our approach to overstimulation and find more meaningful engagement (third sentence), we might reduce boredom. While not explicitly saying 'boredom levels will fall', her suggestion provides a potential action that could lead to a decrease in boredom ('use boredom to motivate us...'). This makes her the person whose ideas are most aligned with the possibility of reduced boredom in the future if people adopt her suggested behaviour change. Note: The provided answer key indicates D for this question. Reviewing the text, the statement might be slightly misinterpreted in the question stem or answer key, as Wemelsfelder suggests using boredom, not necessarily eliminating it entirely. However, her proposed approach (less overstimulation, more meaningful engagement) implies a different relationship with or potentially a reduction in *problematic* boredom. Given the options and the text, she is the only person suggesting a way forward that could alter future experiences of boredom.

10. Question 23

    Matching features

    Question

    Francoise Wemelsfelder

    Answer

    A

    Location

    Paragraph F

    Sentence in the passage

    Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom.

    Explanation

    Wemelsfelder suggests that modern life, full of connection and overstimulation, could be creating new boredom. That links today's way of living with boredom, which is idea A. The other ideas belong to different researchers, such as the worst type of boredom, linked to Goetz.

11. Question 24

    Summary completion

    Question

    For John Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is that people cannot ______, due to a failure in what he calls the ‘attention system’, and as a result they become frustrated and irritable.

    Answer

    focus

    Location

    Paragraph D

    Sentence in the passage

    This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly.

    Explanation

    The note describes John Eastwood's view on the core of boredom. It mentions his 'attention system' concept and the resulting frustration. The ninth sentence of Section D, which discusses Eastwood's ideas, states: 'For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly.' The note's phrasing 'people cannot __________ , due to a failure in what he calls the ‘attention system’' directly links to the passage's 'inability to focus on anything' caused by the 'failure to put our ‘attention system’ into gear'. The word 'focus' fits grammatically and matches the passage. It is also ONE WORD ONLY.

12. Question 25

    Summary completion

    Question

    His team suggests that those for whom ______ is an important aim in life may have problems in coping with boredom, whereas those who have the characteristic of … can generally cope with it.

    Answer

    pleasure

    Location

    Paragraph E

    Sentence in the passage

    People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly.

    Explanation

    The note discusses Eastwood's team's research on who is most affected by boredom, mentioning personality traits. The fourth sentence of Section E, which follows the discussion of boredom proneness and traits by Eastwood's team, states: 'People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly.' The phrase 'motivated by pleasure' indicates that 'pleasure' is an important aim for these people, and they 'suffer particularly badly' (have problems in coping). This directly matches the note's structure, making 'pleasure' the correct word. It is also ONE WORD ONLY.

13. Question 26

    Summary completion

    Question

    His team suggests that those for whom … is an important aim in life may have problems in coping with boredom, whereas those who have the characteristic of ______ can generally cope with it.

    Answer

    curiosity

    Location

    Paragraph E

    Sentence in the passage

    Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold.

    Explanation

    The note contrasts two groups of people based on their ability to cope with boredom, mentioning those focused on pleasure have problems and those with a certain characteristic can cope well. Following the sentence identifying pleasure-seekers as struggling, the fifth sentence of Section E states: 'Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold.' A 'high boredom threshold' means they are less likely to become bored or can 'generally cope with it'. This links the characteristic of 'curiosity' to coping well with boredom, making it the correct word for the blank. It is also ONE WORD ONLY.

Passage 3 · Q27–40 Artificial artist?

1. Question 27

   Multiple choice

   Question

   What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph?

   Answer

   B

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 1

   Sentence in the passage

   Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score.

   Explanation

   The first paragraph provides several examples of achievements in computer-produced art. It mentions classical music composed by AI that fooled audiences (sentence 2), robot-painted artworks selling for thousands and displayed in prestigious galleries (sentence 3), and software creating art 'that could not have been imagined by the programmer' (sentence 4). These examples collectively suggest that 'A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field'.

2. Question 28

   Multiple choice

   Question

   According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?

   Answer

   C

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 2

   Sentence in the passage

   ‘This is a question at the very core of humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London.

   Explanation

   The second paragraph quotes Geraint Wiggins stating that the question of whether computers can create art is 'a question at the very core of humanity' (sentence 3) and that 'It scares a lot of people' (sentence 4). He clarifies their worry: 'They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human' (sentence 5). This directly aligns with option C, which suggests computer art 'undermines a fundamental human quality' (creativity being 'something special' and 'at the very core of humanity').

3. Question 29

   Multiple choice

   Question

   What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool?

   Answer

   C

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 4

   Sentence in the passage

   Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material.

   Explanation

   Aaron paints with a brush but mainly carries out its programmer's ideas. The Painting Fool needs little direction and finds its own material by searching the web and social media. So the difference is where the subject matter comes from, option C. Public reaction and quality are discussed, but not as this contrast.

4. Question 30

   Multiple choice

   Question

   What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph?

   Answer

   D

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 4

   Sentence in the passage

   While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people’s double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art.

   Explanation

   In the fourth paragraph, Simon Colton defends the Painting Fool's landscapes, arguing that negative reactions stem from 'people’s double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art' (sentence 6). He provides two examples: first, comparing the reaction to a child painting from imagination versus the reaction to his software doing the same (sentences 7-10), and second, comparing how unexpected glitches in computer art leading to limited palettes are seen versus how human artists are praised for similar limitations (sentences 10-14). Both examples illustrate his point that people apply different 'criteria' (standards) when judging art depending on whether it's made by a human or a computer.

5. Question 31

   Multiple choice

   Question

   The writer refers to the paintings of a chair as an example of computer art which

   Answer

   A

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 4

   Sentence in the passage

   Some of the Painting Fool’s paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch.

   Explanation

   The passage discusses the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair in paragraph 4, mentioning that some came out black and white due to a glitch (sentence 11). The writer then comments on the effect: 'This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality' (sentence 12). This 'eerie, ghostlike quality' is described as the outcome of the glitch, and it suggests that the resulting artwork has a memorable or 'particularly striking effect', even if unintended.

6. Question 32

   Matching sentence endings

   Question

   Simon Colton says it is important to consider the long-term view then

   Answer

   D

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 5

   Sentence in the passage

   Researchers like Colton don’t believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who ‘have had millennia to develop our skills’.

   Explanation

   The statement begins 'Simon Colton says it is important to consider the long-term view then...'. The fifth paragraph starts by stating, 'Researchers like Colton don’t believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who ‘have had millennia to develop our skills’'. This implies that when comparing human and machine creativity ('comparing the artistic achievements of humans and computers'), one must consider the vast difference in the time available for development (millennia for humans), which is essentially suggesting a 'long-term view' or historical perspective.

7. Question 33

   Matching sentence endings

   Question

   David Cope’s EMI software surprised people by

   Answer

   A

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 5

   Sentence in the passage

   Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach.

   Explanation

   The statement starts 'David Cope’s EMI software surprised people by...'. The passage states that EMI created compositions that fooled classical music experts into thinking they were 'genuine Bach' (sentence 6). This means the music was perceived as being composed by a human (Bach), demonstrating that the work generated by EMI was 'virtually indistinguishable from that of humans', leading to surprise and being 'fooled'.

8. Question 34

   Matching sentence endings

   Question

   Geraint Wiggins criticized Cope for not

   Answer

   E

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 5

   Sentence in the passage

   Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope’s work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked.

   Explanation

   The statement is 'Geraint Wiggins criticized Cope for not...'. The passage states that Wiggins 'condemned him [Cope] for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked' (sentence 8). This implies that Wiggins criticised Cope for not being clear or specific about the program's functioning, which is equivalent to 'not revealing the technical details of his program'.

9. Question 35

   Matching sentence endings

   Question

   Douglas Hofstadter claimed that EMI was

   Answer

   C

   Location

   Passage 3, paragraph 5

   Sentence in the passage

   Meanwhile, Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University said EMI created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist’s creative impulses.

   Explanation

   The statement begins 'Douglas Hofstadter claimed that EMI was...'. The passage quotes Douglas Hofstadter saying that EMI 'created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist’s creative impulses' (sentence 9). The 'original artist' here refers to the human composers whose styles EMI replicated (like Bach, Chopin, Mozart, or even Cope himself). 'Rely completely on the original artist’s creative impulses' is synonymous with 'producing work entirely dependent on the imagination of its creator'.

10. Question 36

    Matching sentence endings

    Question

    Audiences who had listened to EMI’s music became angry after

    Answer

    G

    Location

    Passage 3, paragraph 5

    Sentence in the passage

    When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him.

    Explanation

    The statement is 'Audiences who had listened to EMI’s music became angry after...'. The passage states, 'When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope...' (sentence 10). The 'truth' refers to the fact that the music was composed by a computer program (EMI), as explained earlier in the paragraph (sentences 4-6). Thus, they became angry after 'discovering that it was the product of a computer program'.

11. Question 37

    Matching sentence endings

    Question

    The participants in David Moffat’s study had to assess music without

    Answer

    B

    Location

    Passage 3, paragraph 6

    Sentence in the passage

    The participants weren’t told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers, but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one.

    Explanation

    The statement is 'The participants in David Moffat’s study had to assess music without...'. The passage describes Moffat's study, stating, 'The participants weren’t told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers...' (sentence 4). This explicitly means they had to assess the music without 'knowing whether it was the work of humans or software'.

12. Question 38

    Yes / No / Not Given

    Question

    Moffat’s research may help explain people’s reactions to EMI.

    Answer

    YES

    Location

    Passage 3, paragraph 6

    Sentence in the passage

    A study by computer scientist David Moffat of Glasgow Caledonian University provides a clue.

    Explanation

    The question asks if Moffat's research helps explain reactions to EMI. The start of paragraph 5 discusses the controversy surrounding EMI and the audience's negative reaction when they discovered it was machine-made (sentences 10-11). Paragraph 6 begins by asking 'But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when the discovered how it was composed?' (sentence 0) and then introduces Moffat's study, stating it 'provides a clue' (sentence 1). Moffat's findings show that knowing the composer was a computer led to greater dislike (sentence 5). This finding directly supports the idea that the negative reaction to EMI, after its machine origin was revealed, could be explained by this prejudice identified by Moffat's study. Therefore, the answer is YES.

13. Question 39

    Yes / No / Not Given

    Question

    The non-experts in Moffat’s study all responded in a predictable way.

    Answer

    NOT GIVEN

    Location

    Passage 3, paragraph 6

    Sentence in the passage

    People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human.

    Explanation

    The passage describes the *general trend* in Moffat's study: 'People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human' (sentence 5). It notes this was true 'even among the experts' (sentence 6). However, the passage does not state that *all* non-experts responded in this way, nor does it define what a 'predictable way' means in this context. The word 'tended' suggests a general inclination, not a universal response. Therefore, whether *all* non-experts responded predictably is information not provided in the passage.

14. Question 40

    Yes / No / Not Given

    Question

    Justin Kruger’s findings cast doubt on Paul Bloom’s theory about people’s prejudice towards computer art.

    Answer

    NO

    Location

    Passage 3, paragraph 7

    Sentence in the passage

    Paul Bloom of Yale University has a suggestion: he reckons part of the pleasure we get from art stems from the creative process behind the work.

    Explanation

    The statement suggests Kruger's findings contradict Bloom's theory. Bloom suggests enjoyment stems from the 'creative process behind the work' (sentence 2), providing it an 'irresistible essence' (sentence 3). Kruger's findings show enjoyment increases if people think 'more time and effort was needed to create it' (sentence 4). These two ideas are not contradictory; they are complementary. Kruger's finding about time and effort (part of the 'creative process') supports Bloom's broader theory that the process influences enjoyment. The word 'Meanwhile' connecting the two theories in the passage suggests they are presented as related or additional explanations, not conflicting ones. Therefore, Kruger's findings do not 'cast doubt on' Bloom's theory; they reinforce it. The answer is NO.